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Wei Jiaju said again: "Even within a county, the situation is different. I am from Ningdu, and I know Ningdu County best. In the Shangsan Township in the north of Ningdu, most of them are natives of Jiangxi; in the Xiasan Township in the south of Ningdu, all the tenants They are from Fujian, and most of them are from Tingzhou, Fujian. Among these Tingzhou people, most are from Shanghang, and a few are from Liancheng."

The more Zhao Han heard it, the more he had a headache. Leaving aside his Hakka identity, this kind of tenants who came to invite friends and friends were equivalent to Fujian migrant workers who went to Jiangxi to work in a group.

What is even more frightening is that these migrant workers have reproduced in Jiangxi for several generations, and they have no local household registration and no land property!

They must be given household registration and allotment of land, otherwise it will be an unstable factor.

The situation in the southern Jiangxi area is extremely complicated. When Wang Shouren suppressed bandits here, he reported to the imperial court in the 12th year of Zhengde that the Chongyi area was all Cantonese.There are not only the Hakka people, but also the people of the Yao nationality, all of whom were refugees resettled by the governor in the early years.These refugees cut down mountains to open up wasteland and contributed to the development of southern Jiangxi. At the same time, they also had conflicts with the local people. Most of the wasteland reclaimed was occupied by local rich people.

In the southern Jiangxi region, the population dropped sharply in the mid-Ming Dynasty, not only because of the war.

Many of them could not bear the oppression of the landlords, and their families fled to Huguang.At that time, the southern part of Huguang was vast and sparsely populated, and there was a government-approved refugee settlement policy. Therefore, farmers in Jiangxi fled to open up wasteland, and almost half of the county and half of the county migrated to Huguang.

And Zhao Han's site is a specialty of indigo dye, and the Datong military flag is also dyed blue with this dye.

The indigo planting technology was spread to Ji'an Prefecture by the Fujianese who moved to the south of Jiangxi.

Pang Chunlai suddenly asked: "You, the head of Ningdu County, why did you take the initiative to come to Ji'an Mansion to offer advice?"

Wei Jiaju said very bluntly: "The Wei family is the largest family in Ningdu. My uncle, who went up to Wei and Xia Zhaofeng, was recruited by the emperor this year to be an official, but he was not granted. He is called 'Zhengjun'. Every time the county magistrate has government affairs, he must Discuss with the clan uncle. The saltpeter purchased by Mr. Zhao is all sold by the Wei family!"

Everyone looked at each other in blank dismay, well, the Wei family turned out to be a supplier of saltpeter.

Wei Jiaju said again: "Now, Ningdu County is in chaos, and Mr. Zhao will take it sooner or later. The Wei family knows that it is difficult to protect the land, and I am afraid that it is also difficult to protect the saltpeter mine. After occupying Ningdu, Mr. Zhao, please license the Wei family to mine and supply saltpeter. Ningdu There are also sulfur ore and iron ore, and Mr. Zhao is also allowed to mine them."

"There are sulfur mines too?" Zhao Han asked in surprise.

"Yes, and not a lot." Wei Jiaju said.

This Nima has sulfur ore and saltpeter. If charcoal is fired again, the materials for gunpowder production will be collected directly, and a gunpowder production bureau can be set up in Ningdu.

After careful consideration, Zhao Han said: "As long as the Wei family is committed to joining, I can license the Wei family to operate the nitrate mine and the sulfur mine. However, the Wei family is not allowed to monopolize, and two more companies must be allowed to join in. In this way, the three companies jointly mine, and the Wei family's mines It can be slightly more. As for the iron ore, it must be handed over to the fourth company for operation."

"Thank you Mr. Zhao for your kindness!" Wei Jiaju's purpose of this trip has been achieved.

Zhao Han asked, "You said Ningdu County is in chaos?"

Wei Jiaju replied: "There is a wealthy tenant who has gathered thousands of tenants and is besieging Ningdu County."

Li Banghua felt very strange: "Why did the rich tenants reject the landlords and bully the tenants, why did they bring the tenants to revolt?"

Wei Jiaju replied: "Every time a wealthy tenant beats a tenant to make trouble, it is nothing more than wanting to obtain the permanent tenancy rights of more land, and then sublease it to ordinary tenants."

"How does this benefit ordinary tenants?" Chen Maosheng asked.

Wei Jiaju said with some embarrassment: "Because the rich tenants deceive the top and the bottom, the landlord can't collect too much rent, so he tried his best to increase the miscellaneous expenses. For example, buckets, white water, travel, winter animals, etc., the original intention is to make the rich tenants more. Rent was paid, but Haodian transferred the miscellaneous expenses to the tenant. The tenant hated the landlord and was willing to follow Haotian to revolt, just to abolish these miscellaneous expenses.”

Good guy, these wealthy tenants are really awesome, not to mention taking advantage of all kinds of benefits, the disadvantages are all shared on the lower tenants, and the risks are all borne by the landlords above.

The harder the landlord exploits the tenants, the richer tenants can take the opportunity to stir up troubles and win more benefits for themselves.

Wei Jiaju said again: "This time it's different. Daming saw that he was going to die, and Mr. Zhao advocated the division of land. Those wealthy tenants are using Mr. Zhao's banner, and I'm afraid they want to seize the land from the landlord."

"No matter how many fields they seized, they will be divided by me in the end?" Zhao Han asked suspiciously.

Wei Jiaju said: "Those wealthy tenants don't even have the Ming court in their eyes, so how can they take Mr. Zhao seriously? Mr. Zhao led troops to divide the land, I'm afraid they will also incite the tenants to riot!"

Zhao Han sneered and said, "According to what you said, the landowners in Ningdu County are all kind and innocent people? They are really kind, I'm afraid they would have been swallowed up by Fujian people long ago!"

"Don't dare...don't dare to expire Mr. Zhao," Wei Jiaju quickly knelt down and kowtowed, "The landlord himself has tenants and slaves, and the government assists him, so he is not afraid of luxury tenants at ordinary times."

Damn, it's not just class conflicts, there are also conflicts between natives and tourists mixed in.

Landlords occupy the means of production and exploit tenants, while wealthy tenants are a group of parasites.

Once the land is forcibly divided, it is likely that the landlord and the wealthy tenant will unite, because in the face of external threats, their interests are the same.And Hao Dian and tenants are both Fujianese from other places, and tenants are very easily incited by Hao Dian!

Asking Wei Jiaju to step down temporarily, Zhao Han analyzed to Chen Maosheng: "The main contradiction in the southern Jiangxi region is the dual oppression of low-level tenants by landlords and wealthy tenants."

"Yes," Chen Maosheng nodded and said, "Not only Nangan, but all prefectures and counties in the future must prohibit the transfer of land property layer by layer."

Zhao Han said: "Landlords and wealthy tenants all rely on land for profit. If the land is divided, the landlord and wealthy tenants will most likely join forces to block it. However, you cannot directly kill the wealthy tenants, because they are often the heads of the tenants. Killing a wealthy tenant may cause a lot of trouble. As a result, countless tenants were incited to revolt."

Chen Maosheng said: "We must first clarify the land allocation policy to the tenants, and separate them from the wealthy tenants."

"That's right," Zhao Han said, "but in the southern Jiangxi region, many tenants speak Hakka, Fujian, and Cantonese. How do you explain the Tianzheng to the tenants? They can't understand us, so naturally they don't know Tianzheng. At that time, it was not what Hao Dian said, but the bottom tenants believed whatever. I am afraid that Hao Dian is in a hurry, and they can spread rumors that we are going to kill all Fujianese."

Chen Maosheng thought carefully: "Since there are not so many people from other provinces in Gan County, we can first preside over the distribution of land in Gan County, and take the opportunity to let the missionary officers and the backbone of the peasant association slowly learn to speak Hakka, Hokkien and Cantonese."

Zhao Han nodded and said: "You must learn to speak first. You have to learn what the bottom tenants say. You must take root among the tenants! You must warn the mission officers and the backbone of the peasant association not to distinguish Jiangxi people, Fujian people, and Guangdong people. Only the working people are our own people!"

"Understood!" Chen Maosheng cupped his hands.

Zhao Han also ordered: "The counties in southern Jiangxi can be occupied first, but except for Gan County, the other counties are not in a hurry to divide the land. You can first make a compromise and let the landlords and wealthy tenants continue to fight. Let the landlords and wealthy tenants unite against us. Remember, wherever you do things in the future, you must adapt to the times and local conditions, and you cannot just copy experience."

Chen Maosheng was taught again.

Li Banghua asked: "If the three thousand Fujian soldiers in Ganzhou city do not agree to their request to return to their hometown, I am afraid that the people in the city will suffer."

Zhao Han sneered and said, "I promise, not only let them go, but also give them travel expenses. The counties in southern Jiangxi are in chaos, confiscate their weapons, and see how they return to Fujian! I guess, if they go halfway, they will be killed because of Looting, fighting with various local forces. The more chaos they make, the better we can divide the local forces."

The complex contradictions in southern Jiangxi are very interesting, not only in the Ming Dynasty, but even throughout the entire Qing Dynasty.

According to the "Ningdu Zhili Prefecture Chronicles" in the Qing Dynasty, there was a field soldier uprising during the Shunzhi period.

The cause was the conflict between the natives and the Hakkas. Jiangxi landlords surnamed Wen and Hakka tycoons surnamed Huang had feuds against each other, which turned into class struggle.Hao Dian, surnamed Huang, incited the tenants at the bottom, demanding the abolition of various harsh regulations and reducing land rent, in order to attack the landlord surnamed Wen.

After the slogan was chanted, it was unstoppable, and the three counties of Shicheng, Ruijin, and Ningdu erupted. Tens of thousands of Hakka tenants formed Tianbing, and the native tenants of Jiangxi also began to join, and even spread to the entire southern Jiangxi.

At this point in development, there is no distinction between Jiangxi people and Fujian people, and it is no longer a contradiction between natives and tourists, but directly leads to the most essential class contradiction!

This place in Nangan belongs to a super gunpowder keg. It will explode as soon as it is touched, and it will blow up several counties.

Chen Maosheng personally went to Ganzhou by boat, and conveyed Zhao Han's order to withdraw his troops for dozens of miles and let go of [-] Fujian soldiers.

Dogs can't change eating shit, these officers and soldiers didn't go far, and started looting as far as the capital county.

The landlords and tenants who were fighting each other were forced to form a group to drive away [-] officers and soldiers.Then they continued to fight, and under the instigation of Hao Dian, they staged a vendetta against the natives day after day.

The landlord lost to Tian Bing and asked Fei Ruhe to lead troops into the county. This is their usual practice, using the government to suppress tenants.

Chapter 206 [People in the Mountain]

Ganzhou.

Chen Maosheng first went to see Fei Ruhe, then Liu Anfeng, the magistrate, and finally summoned the mission officer and the backbone of the peasant association.

The news I got was a headache, Hakka is not so easy to learn!

The Hakka dialect in the southern Jiangxi region alone can be roughly divided into three types. Although they can communicate with each other, they are very unfriendly to foreigners who are just learning.

"Handle the propaganda," said Li Xiaoyi, who is in charge of missionary work in Ganzhou, "we should learn the Hakka dialect, but we must also recruit the local Hakka people. A lot of relying on the Hakka people to advance. Some of the Hakka people have long been able to speak Jiangxi dialect, and they can also read and write."

Chen Maosheng asked: "In addition to the wealthy tenants and low-level tenants, are there any small Hakka landlords and self-cultivating farmers in Southern Jiangxi?"

"Yes, and there are quite a few of them," Li Xiaoyi said, "I suggest that some small Hakka landowners should not divide their land for the time being, even if it exceeds [-] mu."

"Why?" Chen Maosheng frowned.

Li Xiaoyi said: "I have visited the villages and found a very unexpected phenomenon. Many villages, the whole village is full of Hakka people. Especially those remote villages, they have moved from Fujian and Guangdong for decades, and they have earned their family property entirely by opening up wasteland. These lands are relatively barren, and they used to be barren mountains and ridges, which were cultivated by them with one scythe and one hoe, and they did not exploit the tenants."

Well, this is different from what Wei Jiaju said. It seems that the situation in Nangan is more complicated than imagined.

"Are there any big landlords in these remote villages?" Chen Maosheng asked.

Li Xiaoyi shook his head and said: "There are no big landlords. They moved from Fujian and Guangdong. The roads are blue and the roads are poor, the mountains and rivers are poor, and the wasteland has been opened up for only 100 years. Where can there be any big landlords? The remote villages in the mountains are mostly self-cultivating farmers and small landlords. There is no need for them at all." Land. Moreover, there are very few landowners who occupy more than [-] mu of land, almost negligible.”

Chen Maosheng said: "I have to send someone to ask the town for instructions."

After chatting with the mission officer, Chen Maosheng went to see Zou Weilian and Liu Huan again.

In the original time and space, Zou Weilian should have died of illness last year.He made great achievements in Fujian, but was framed by Wen Tiren and dismissed from office. After Wen Tiren fell, Emperor Chongzhen remembered him, and found out that Wen Tiren had passed away.

Many ministers are like this. If they don't leave office, they will live well, and they will die of illness within a year or two after returning home.

The same was true for Wen Tiren, who was alive and kicking when he was in power, but died of illness the second year after losing his position.

At least now it seems that Zou Weilian is free from disease and pain, and can live for at least ten or eight years.

Zou Liangyi introduced, "Father, this is Mr. Chen Yumaosheng, Secretary of Mission and Education."

"Mr. Zou, it's a pleasure to meet you!" Chen Maosheng cupped his hands.

Zou Weilian raised his hand to return the salute, his movements were a little forced, and his smile was also a little forced.

Chen Maosheng cupped his hands again and said, "I met Mr. Liu."

"It's a pleasure to meet you." Liu Huan was very natural, and her attitude was ambiguous, and she never said whether she would like to join her.

Liu Huan, the magistrate of Ganzhou in the Ming Dynasty, the only trace left in historical materials is the inscription on the plaque for Kongtong Temple in Ganzhou.

While drinking tea and chatting, Zou Weilian was always in a low mood.

Finally, Chen Maosheng asked: "Ask the two gentlemen, what is the situation of the Hakka people in Nangan?"

Zou Weilian pointed to Liu Huan: "Ask him about this."

Liu Huan said with a smile, "I'm not talented. I'm originally from Guangdong. I'm a Hakka."

Chen Maosheng said quickly, "Mr. Liu, please give me your advice."

Liu Huan recounted: "The Hakka migration to the south began in the Jin Dynasty. Many of the Hakka people in Southern Jiangxi migrated from Fujian and Guangdong at the end of the Song Dynasty. After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, a large number of Hakka people in Southern Jiangxi moved back to Fujian and Guangdong. "

"Why did they move back after nearly a hundred years?" Chen Maosheng asked.

Liu Huan explained: "During the Jiajing period, Japanese pirates harassed and harassed a large number of coastal people to the inland, resulting in a large population in eastern Guangdong and western Fujian. It happened that due to the war in southern Jiangxi, a large number of people dispersed. The Hakka people in eastern Guangdong and western Fujian , they moved to southern Jiangxi in groups.”

There is one more thing about Wei Jiaju that I didn't explain clearly.

After Wang Yangming and other ministers suppressed the bandits, especially when guest soldiers from other provinces raged, many villages in southern Jiangxi were emptied, and landlords fled to settle in county towns one after another.

Entire villages of Hakka people moved in, and some of them became rich as tenants, and they became the main tenants, forming today's luxury tenants.After hundreds of years of development, many wealthy tenants have been transformed into big landlords, so there are also conflicts between Hakka landlords and tenants.

Some of the Hakka people who migrated in the middle and late period of Jiajing became tenants, and more went to open up wasteland and cultivate, becoming small landlords and self-cultivating farmers.

The conflict between locals and Hakkas at this time was actually not particularly intense, because until the Qianlong period, the Hakka people from Fujian and Guangdong had been moving back to Southern Jiangxi.

As for the early Qing Dynasty, why a large number of Hakkas moved to Jiangxi was of course caused by the war.

The aborigines and Hakka people in southern Jiangxi, landlords and tenants, put aside their conflicts and united against the Qing Dynasty.Take Shangyou County as an example, the anti-Qing movement lasted until the Kangxi period, and the people here were almost wiped out!

According to the records of "Shangyou County Chronicles": "Since the 13th year of Kangxi to the present (Qianlong), there has been absolutely no people, four walls are vacant, and the isolated city is a barren hill."

Therefore, after the middle and late Qing Dynasty, more and more Hakka people moved in, and it was only then that the contradiction between the natives and the Hakkas reached its peak.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, many Hakka people in southern Jiangxi were still working hard to get rich, reclaiming wasteland deeper into the mountains.

And it caused a series of environmental problems. They cut down forests and drilled rocks to dig mines, which caused serious soil erosion.

Liu Huan reminded: "Southern Jiangxi has many mountains and little land. If we blindly reclaim the mountains, we will not grow much food. Instead, landslides will occur after it rains. When we govern Southern Jiangxi, we should order the mountain people to plant more tobacco, camellia oleifera, tung tree, and lacquer trees. Waiting for crops."

"Taught." Chen Maosheng cupped his hands and said.

In Jiangxi at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Hakka people developed wildly and opened up wasteland to grow food everywhere, which caused the government a lot of headaches.

But the government's ban, the Hakka people did not abide by it.It wasn't until later that disasters frequently occurred that they took it seriously, and thus formed an economic zone for camellia oleifera, tung tree, and tobacco in southern Jiangxi, and used artificial forests to represent natural forests.

Zou Weilian didn't want to work for Zhao Han, but he couldn't be an official in Daming, so he went to Ji'an Mansion to teach.

However, Liu Huan, the magistrate of Ganzhou in the Ming Dynasty, changed his name to Liu Yu and stayed behind, and was specially hired by Chen Maosheng as an aide.

As an official of the Ming Dynasty, Liu Huan couldn't do anything, and couldn't implement policies. He could only read scriptures and study Buddhism all day long.

After being hired by Chen Maosheng, it was like a second spring, and he offered more than ten suggestions that month.

This gentleman can also speak Hakka, and became Chen Maosheng's personal interpreter.

Zhao Han also gave a reply, if the Hakka people in remote villages really get rich through hard work, each person can keep [-] mu of land.However, the upper limit of [-] mu must not be exceeded, and families with more than ten people must divide the property!

Thanks to Liu Huan's help, Chen Maosheng recruited many local poor people into the mission group, and the work of dividing the land around Ganzhou City went very smoothly.

But after entering the mountainous area, he encountered many difficulties in an instant.

Those Hakka people did not want to settle down at all. They have always been in the state of refugees, and they banded together to resist the imperial court's tax collection.

For them, Daming is the imperial court, and Zhao Han is also the imperial court.

The work of the peasant association cannot be carried out, because they have their own land, and it is obtained by their own reclamation, so they don't need Zhao Han's favor at all.

How to do?

To be more brutal, it is to directly kill people to establish their prestige, and use force to forcibly establish a household registration, but this seems to conflict with the theory of Datong.

Chen Maosheng can only continue to ask Zhao Han for instructions, and the policy adjustment must be approved.

Zhao Han's reply was very straightforward. Since the Hakka people in the mountains refused to settle in the government and refused to pay taxes to the government, they did not belong to the people under the rule.